Effusion Cells with different configurations have proven their capability in evaporating most elements in a controllable and stable manner. However, there are certain limits on the effusion cells with the wired filament design, for which the highest temperature one could achieve is around 2000 ℃. This is still below the evaporating point of many refractory metals such as Ta, Mo, etc.
E-Beam Evaporators pushed the highest working temperature to around 3000 ℃ by electron bombardment from the surrounding filament to a rod form material or crucibles.
The heated zone is enclosed in a water-cooled copper shroud which keeps the degassing at a very low level. By tuning the input power from 0 to 300W, flux control from <0.1Å/min to >50Å/min can be achieved for many materials. A 50mm travel linear translator is equipped with the evaporator to support the movement of rod material and guarantee the rod tip always in the optimized position.